Permanent Resident, Long-Term Resident and Spouse of Japanese National: What Is the Difference?

Useful information (EN)

These residence statuses generally have no occupational restrictions, but their legal basis, period of stay, and stability are different.

2026.10.15

Permanent Resident, Long-Term Resident, and Spouse or Child of Japanese National generally allow a person to work without restriction on occupation. However, they are not the same status.

Permanent Resident
Long-Term Resident
Spouse or Child of Japanese National
Freedom to work is not the same as immigration stability

Permanent Resident

A Permanent Resident has been granted permanent residence by the Minister of Justice. The period of stay is unlimited, and there is generally no occupational restriction. The residence card itself still has a validity period, which is separate from the period of stay.

Long-Term Resident

This status is granted based on special circumstances, for example to certain people of Japanese descent or others recognized under designated rules. Work is generally unrestricted, but the period of stay is limited and must be renewed.

Spouse or Child of Japanese National

This status covers spouses of Japanese nationals and certain children or special adoptees. Work is generally unrestricted, but a period of stay is granted. A person residing as a spouse must also make the required notification after divorce or death of the spouse.

Freedom to work is not the same as immigration stability

All three may allow broad employment, but their legal basis, renewal requirements, and long-term stability differ.

As of October 2026. Source: Immigration Services Agency — Status of Residence Table